While on academic leave during the Spring semester in 2014, I built an updated Linux distribution for my System Administration course. It is based on Linux From Scratch and Beyond Linux From Scratch, versions 7.4. This page describes the build in all its gory details.
A word about the name: RWC stands for Raymond Walters College, the former name of University of Cincinnati Blue Ash College, where I teach. Raymond Walters was the longest-serving president of the University of Cincinnati, and was a champion of open-access education. It seems fitting to name an open-source software distribution in his honor.The build processor was an Athlon XP 1880+, running on a motherboard with a VIA KT266-A chipset and 1 GB RAM. I chose this system as the most primitive one available compatible with the systems in our computer lab; hopefully this choice will permit students to use the distro on systems they have at home. It should run on a Pentium Pro class CPU or higher.And for those of you curious about the title (borrowed lovingly from Gene Wilder and Mel Brooks): much of the time during this project it did indeed feel like I was creating a monster. There were a few times when I thought it might get the better of me. We shall see.
The base system is the RWC Linux distro dated September 4, 2010. The original LFS/BLFS 6.2 build date for this distro was November 8, 2006. When examining the host system requirements in LFS Prologue section vii, I found the following needed to be upgraded:
I did these essentially in the order implied by the LFS build process.
First I set up a simple script to retrieve packages and check their md5sums:
Note that the root filesystem of the base system is normally mounted read-only. I will omit the necessary remounts in the notes below.cat > getmd5 << "EOF" wget "\$1" f=\$(echo "\$1" | sed -e 's%^.*/%%') if [ \$(md5sum "\$f" | sed -e 's/ .*$//') != "\$2" ]; then echo "\$f" download failed else echo download OK fi EOF chmod 700 getmd5
Note too that I typically check the results of regression tests before proceeding with the installs. In cases where unspecified tests were known to fail, and for prohibitively lengthy tests, I elected to skip the tests. In either event, I kept the make output from every package for later reference in case problems crop up, or I need to know where something was installed. I did not keep the build directories; after the install step, they are mostly useless (with the exception of the linux kernel build directory).
Finally, note that while the recommendation is to do the builds as a non-root user, I did not want to pollute the build system with possible user tracks. Therefore everything after the toolbox was done as root.
What follows is a series of drop-down menus, one for each package. By clicking on the menu, you can see the complete set of commands used to build the package. Note that while I followed the LFS/BLFS instructions whenever possible, there were a number of instances where modification was necessary. There are also occasional comments about test results or the like interspersed with the commands.
I did xz and tar next because gawk is released as a .xz file.
The build was carried out on /dev/hdb1 (30 GB). After moving to the new system, I used a 10 GB partition hdb2 for /var.
The first steps were to create the build filesystems (with destructive bad block checks), and retrieve the packages:
9 packages were unavailable from the sites in wget-list, so I got them manually from the archives. I also installed several BLFS packages during the LFS phase for greater convenience in building the BLFS packages:fdisk /dev/hdb n p 1 <default> +30G n p 2 <default> +10G w mke2fs -c -c /dev/hdb1 mke2fs -c -c /dev/hdb2 export LFS=/mnt/lfs mkdir -pv $LFS mount -t ext2 /dev/hdb1 $LFS mkdir -v $LFS/sources chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources wget http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/wget-list wget http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/md5sums wget -i wget-list -P $LFS/sources
LFS builds are split into two major components:
The toolbox build was done under the user lfs:
A bash build environment was set up:mkdir -v $LFS/tools ln -sv $LFS/tools / groupadd lfs useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs passwd lfs chown -v lfs $LFS/tools chown -v lfs $LFS/sources su lfs
The toolbox build began here; the 2-pass approach for binutils and gcc are explained in LFS section 5.2, "Toolchain Technical Notes". Note the repeated use of the dummy c program to check that everything is where it should be. This bit is vitally important, and one of the many reasons I am deeply indebted to the LFS folks.cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF" exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash EOF cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF" set +h umask 022 LFS=/mnt/lfs LC_ALL=POSIX LFS_TGT=$(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu PATH=/tools/bin:/bin:/usr/bin export LFS LC_ALL LFS_TGT PATH EOF source ~/.bash_profile cd $LFS/sources
Note that I installed the 3.10.10 headers, but eventually used kernel 3.13.3. So far there has been no ill effects from the mismatch, but anytime you upgrade kernels, you should check to make sure the header files are consistent with the ones you have. If not, it's time to do another complete LFS build.
Note that I did not install expect, dejagnu and check in the final system; they are only needed for the toolbox.
After finishing the toolbox, I tarred the output files and backed up the tools directory.
exit chown -R root:root /mnt/lfs/tools tar -cf LFS-7.4.chapter.5.out.tar *.out.gz rm *.out.gz tar -czf LFS-7.4.chapter.5.tools.tgz ../tools/ chmod 444 LFS-7.4.chapter.5.*
Section 6.3 makes an excellent point: if any of the toolchain packages need to be upgraded to a new minor version, rebuild LFS.
Now begins the actual build. See LFS 7.4 Chapter 6. The build takes place in a chroot environment to minimize pollution of the new system by the old. Note that we are still using the old kernel.
The chroot environment needs the following directories and files:
mkdir -v $LFS/{dev,proc,sys}
mknod -m 600 $LFS/dev/console c 5 1
mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3
To enter the chroot environment, bind /dev to the chroot filesystem and mount the virtual filesystems there as well. The following sequence needs to be repeated whenever returning to the chroot environment.
export LFS=/mnt/lfs
mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts -o gid=5,mode=620
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
link=$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
mkdir -p $LFS/$link
mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/$link
unset link
else
mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/dev/shm
fi
chroot "$LFS" /tools/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root \
TERM="$TERM" \
PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin \
/tools/bin/bash --login +h
When leaving, it is necessary to do the following umounts:
umount /mnt/lfs/dev/pts
umount /mnt/lfs/{dev,proc,sys}
The creation of the filesystem layout is NOT verbatim from the LFS book. I am going to make etc, home, root, run, srv and tmp symbolic links into directories in /var so that I can mount /var from a separate filesystem and keep the root filesystem read-only during normal operation.
*** NB *** ANY modifications to /etc/fstab, /etc/inittab, /etc/sysconfig/rc.site or /etc/rc.d/rcS.d MUST be done to both the / and /var filesystems !!!In the following I denote significant differences between the base system and the new build as NEW.During boot, those files are read from the root filesystem, but as soon as /var is mounted, the files on /var are used.
NEW: We now have /run instead of /var/run, and /run/lock instead of /var/lock
install -d /var/{etc,home,root,srv,tmp}
cd /
ln -s var/etc etc
ln -s var/home home
ln -s var/root root
ln -s var/srv srv
ln -s var/tmp tmp
chmod 0750 /var/root
chmod 1777 /var/tmp
mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/{opt,sysconfig},lib,mnt,opt,run}
mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom,usbstg},sbin}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{doc,info,locale,man}
mkdir -v /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
for dir in /usr /usr/local; do
ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} $dir
done
mkdir -v /var/{log,mail,spool}
ln -sv /run /var/run
ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock
mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}
cd ..
Now I am back in sync with LFS Chapter 6. Here we link the toolbox into place and create a few necessary files.
ln -sv /tools/bin/{bash,cat,echo,pwd,stty} /bin
ln -sv /tools/bin/perl /usr/bin
ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib
ln -sv /tools/lib/libstdc++.so{,.6} /usr/lib
sed 's/tools/usr/' /tools/lib/libstdc++.la > /usr/lib/libstdc++.la
ln -sv bash /bin/sh
ln -sv /proc/self/mounts /etc/mtab
cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF"
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/bin/false
nobody:x:99:99:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false
EOF
cat > /etc/group << "EOF"
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tape:x:4:
tty:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
usb:x:14:
cdrom:x:15:
mail:x:34:
nogroup:x:99:
EOF
exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h
touch /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}
chgrp -v utmp /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 664 /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 600 /var/log/btmp
This step is from LFS section 6.10, "Adjusting the Toolchain". After this, all links will take place against the newly-installed C libraries. I've included the commands to check that all is well; all was well.
mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}
mv -v /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/{ld,ld-old}
mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}
ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/ld
gcc -dumpspecs | sed -e 's@/tools@@g' \
-e '/\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \
-e '/\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -isystem /usr/include@}' > \
`dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs
echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c
cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log
readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'
grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log
grep -B1 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log
grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g'
grep "/lib.*/libc.so.6 " dummy.log
grep found dummy.log
rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log
The remainder of the package builds start here:
NEW: user mailboxes are now in /var/mail, and are now created automatically at useradd time.
Note that from this point on, the chroot environment is entered with the new bash:
export LFS=/mnt/lfs
mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts -o gid=5,mode=620
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
link=$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
mkdir -p $LFS/$link
mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/$link
unset link
else
mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/dev/shm
fi
chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root \
TERM="$TERM" \
PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin \
/bin/bash --login +h
Continuing with the actual package builds:
Note that I omitted vlock because it requires PAM, which I did not want to include in the distro.
Note that the kmod man pages were not created because of a dependency on libxslt.
The system log file structure is now:
I did not strip the debugging symbols because they are not loaded automatically at execution time.
Note that at this stage the chroot environment no longer includes the toolbox in its path:
As you might have noticed in the notes above, I originally installed openssl-1.0.1e. However, in early June of
2014, another bug was fixed, so the day it hit the papers I installed openssl-1.0.1h. The notes here reflect that version.
Anyone installing this at home should do this after installing sshd:
The following commands were used to tar the source tarballs and output files from the build (after
removing the toolbox permanently).
I had to patch mountfs since / is to remain read-only:
NEW: IDE drives are now /dev/sd !
Here is the actual kernel build:
I installed grub on hdb (sdb) so that the BLFS build could take place on the new system with no possible
dependency on the build system software. I change the boot order in the BIOS to switch between hda and hdb.
After the reboot, I tested mountvar; on the last test boot, I placed /var on sdb2.
Then I initialized the new swap partition and fixed up fstab so mountvar would bypass configuration.
From this point on, the plan was to:
Before and after each session, the root system was remounted writeable, then readonly as in the 3.13.3 build.
Those commands will be assumed in the following.
The remainder of the install will be based on BLFS-7.4; it was supplemented as necessary. The first step was to
identify those packages I desired from an "end-user" point of view. And therein lies a tale.
So what was I going to use for a file manager? I very much like the lightweight environment that WindowMaker provides,
but I have gotten very used to being able to quickly browse file trees in order to find things, and I have gotten
VERY used to the image browser. I did not want to get into a desktop system, nor did I want to end up building a lot
of gnome libraries for a single purpose. Then I found Geeqie, and so far am quite happy with it. So what to do
about file browsing? I spent a couple of hours on a shell script called lstree which I think will meet my needs.
And I get the added bonus of not allowing my students to continue to be spoiled by GUI file and directory interfaces.
The final package "wish-list" was
Examining the dependencies, I constructed the following build matrix, specifying an order which will hopefully satisfy all of them;
note that some of these were moved around during install because of unadvertised dependencies. The intention was to install as
many low-dependency libraries as possible first; these were done mostly in alphabetical order with some random insertions for
reasons that are no longer clear. I also decided to install a number of "stand-alone" packages (mostly in alphabetical prder, mixed in with
the libraries) under the theory that additional builds are decent system tests (and you never know when you might need one of them).
This list is 210 "packages" long, but it encompasses approximately 400 actual package installs.
Here I go; and right off the bat I have to fix a duplicate include in strace. As it turns out, adjustments were necessary
for many of the packages that are not part of the BLFS book.
Memtest, too, needing patching.
Note that the DHCP server boot scripts wre not installed.
Also, the sample dhcpd.conf file included a nonsupported ddns line that
had to be removed, and BLFS forgot to tell us to touch
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases.
I modified the rc.iptables file from the "personal firewall" example in the book. Specifically, the default
output policy (which only covers packets ORIGINATING from this PC) was set to ACCEPT. I also removed the
logging of unrelated input in order to avoid filling sys.log, and allowed pings, and ssh from the instructor's
PC (so I can help students with problems).
Note that the net-tools configuration is interactive: I responded y for GNU gettext, and n for
IPX/SPX, Appletalk, AX25, NET/ROM, Rose, X.25, Econet, Ash, ARCnet, SLIP, PPP, DLCI/FRAD, FDDI, HIPPI, (Cisco)-HDLC/LAPB and
EUI64. All others were defaulted.
Note that ddclient boot scripts and configuration were not done at this time (for obvious reasons).
Since you have to install an OpenJDK binary before you can build it, and I had no need to change any of the build
parameters, I elected to not bother re-building it.
Note that the mkcacerts script could not be run until after glib was installed.
Before building apache, I modified /etc/default/useradd to get rid of the irritating group 1000 doesn't exist error.
I also changed the boot script link in /etc/rc.d/rc3.d so that httpd will only start in runlevels 4 or 5.
After booting, run sensors-detect to configure /etc/sysconfig/lm_sensors.
After installing alsa-utils, I used alsamixer to unmute master, PCM and line, and set all three to 81.
After installing bind, I modified the boot script to only use ipv4; this eliminates some irritating log file messages.
Here is the start of the Xorg build:
The Mesalib Wiki suggested that I needed to leave the source tree for Xorg; after the fact, it appears
not to have been necessary. At any rate, I did not delete it until after the Xorg build was complete.
NB: on any given system, the unused drivers can be moved or removed and Xorg might start a little quicker
NEW: you must be a member of the video group in order to use hardware acceleration (DRI2).
At this point I tested Xorg, and cleaned up some directories which I might have needed but no longer should need.
I used wprefs to tailor WindowMaker's behavior to my liking:
I started xclock, and set up Xdefaults for xterm, changing colors (so my students can see this better on the projector
in the lab), setting jumpscroll, savelines, scrollbar and scrollkey.
In previous versions of WindowMaker, xclock run with the geometry +0-0 would behave oddly: each time you started
WindowMaker, the clock would creep a little further up the left side of the screen. Then after a few rounds
of that, it would disappear. The disappearence seems to have been fixed, but the creeping is still there. The
fix (once you have decided what screen resolution you want), is to replace the +0-0 designation with
Emacs behavior seems to have changed since version 22; I set it up to inhibit the splash screen and
go back to the old copy and paste behavior (making it easy to use gpm to copy and paste between xterm
windows and emacs ).
And then I decided I wanted to be able to monitor my core temperatures. But this
version of xosview looks in the wrong spot for my system. So I hacked
linux/lmstemp.cc a little and set some Xdefaults and it's pretty cool.
ddd needed a patch too:
Now we could run mkcacerts for OpenJDK. Results follow.
Since I was building this on an AMD-based system, there were a couple of cpu capabilities which I knew were not going
to be available on my production systems, or in the lab. These were 3DNOW and 3DNOWEXT. In addition, Intels, for instance,
do not have MMXEXT/MMX2, although they do have SSEn, which covers MMXEXT capabilities.
So for packages which make use of the 3DNOW technology, I attempted to stop the package from using it. This was
in some cases easier said than done. I added -no-3dnow to the ./configure parameters; then found that the Makefiles
still included it. So I tried to disable it by hand with a sed script, after which I found no occurrences of the string MMXEXT.
After the make, there were 2452. Unwilling to waste any more time on it, I let it go. I'm not sure I'm going to be using qt much;
I really only built it because a handful of packages (wpa_supplicant, cairo and poppler) require it. And the only
reference to 3DNOW is in qdrawhelper_x86_p.h. And on top of everything else, hopefully sse will cover my rear on this one.
Note that I did not install wpa_supplicant boot scripts or ifconfig files at this time (again, for obvious reasons).
This a handy little script I use to lock my Xorg screen, which syncs the filesystems before locking:
Of course, the assetion error was still there (although it seems to be benign). It turns out the seg fault
was a bug in the mach64 Xorg driver, so I could have stuck with seamonkey 2.20. More to follow.
You can go to http://www.youtube.com/html5 and click on 'Join the HTML5 Trial' to view youtube videos with SeaMonkey.
After installation, I opened a browser window to about:config (see http://preferential.mozdev.org/preferences.html)
and cleared printer headers, footerright (my own preference).
As I mentioned before, the main problem was a mach64 driver issue. You can work around that by
However, you won't have these when running the distro. SeaMonkey does a goofy thing for a Unix environment: it creates
a new user profile, whose directory name is randomly generated. I have not had much luck getting anything in /etc/skel
to work. But I did include my bookmark and preferences files in /root in case you want to use them.
mathmlfonts must be installed from within seamonkey; see https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/mathml-fonts/
To add a new printer (this example is for a networked postscript printer):
The following installs were done before I decided to lose endeavour. I'm leaving them in place
in case they are useful at some point in the future. More about this later.
I installed libungif into /usr/local to avoid conflict with giflib 5.
Since imlib1 needs libpng12, I moved the libpng16 links temporarily so imlib1 would find the older version.
After installing imlib1, I put the libpng16 links back. I included some (commented out) commands in the following libmng
build in case I ever need to build against the old version.
I'm leaving out all of the hassles I had trying to install endeavour. I built it a half dozen times, each time running up
against new problems (many of them syntax errors), before I gave up.
Here is my lstree script. It runs well if the directory tree you are browsing is not too large; if you want to speed
it up for large trees, take the sort out of the find pipe. It supports the ls -a option and uses ls --color.
It does not indent directory names, but it does indent file names, and it shows the fully qualified file name so
you can copy it with the mouse and middle-click on a docked application to open the file. Some applications do
better than others, but emacs does fine with that, and that was my primary intention.
During the Samba make htmlman, I had to modify smb.conf.5.xml to point to the local copy of parameters.all.xml and re-issue
the make. It continued from there without problem.
Interestingly, the html man page links were broken, so I had to fix them.
In trying to build audicity 2.0.5 I find it needs EXACTLY wxwidgets 2.8.12 - who would have guessed?
Audacity has been something of a problem. 2.0.5 builds fine (with --with-ffmpeg=local), but at execution time displays an error
I believe the program will actually work, but it is a bit hard to use. So I decided to hunt for a version dating from
before the new theme code. The only one I could find was 1.2.6, which is the one I have used on my production system since
late 2009. But it works, and does what I need it to do.
BUT it needs wxGTK 2.4. AND I had to disable soundtouch and ladspa to get it to build cleanly.
I had to disable 3DNOW manually with gst-ffmpeg because configure did not recognize disable options.
After installing MPlayer, had to echo 'vo=x11' >> ~/.mplayer/config because the
output driver it defaults to wasn't working. x11 works fine.
Since I installed seamonkey from blfs 7.5, I had to do the same with xulrunner and icedteaweb.
The xulrunner build is said to require a total of 6 GB of RAM/swap, so I increased the size of my swap partition:
The mjpegtools build would not ignore libpng12 even if told to, so I had to quarantine the libpng12 files.
That wasn't even enough for sox, so I just disabled png.
Since by this time I had already burned a number of DVD release candidates, I had to first rebuild it on
my production system, and make sure that SnapPy would work. Then I had to rebuild it on the build system.
But before I did that, I touched the file /root/timestamp. So when it was time to copy the files installed
during the Python2 rebuild into the staging filesystem, I had only to
There was a bad path in the postfix boot script which I fixed.
Also, BLFS forgot to tell us to create the aliases.db file.
NEW: fcron logs to its own log file. I set up a root fcrontab to update the usb and pci id files weekly.
Unfortunately gegl, webkitgtk and gimp all get confused about libpng, so I quarantined libpng12 again:
For the record: the following libraries linked against libpng12, which I learned using
To fix (hopefully) the problem for good, I quarantined the libpng12 header and config files.
After all this, I installed gimp 2.8.6, but it did not run well. The tool dialog box was corrupted
(which was video driver related; changing from mach64 to vesa fixed that). More irritatingly, gimp help does not
render the html, it just displays the raw html; also, it seems unable to use the web browser for help.
However, using the help with seamonkey works fine.
So I decided to install 2.8.10. Gimp help has the same problems, but a lot of folks discuss this issue
and even the gimp site tells us that it may or may not work. So we'll use seamonkey.
These next two were not in the required list, but the gimp-help install goes much better with them;
still doesn't fix the html rendering problem, though.
I accidentally applied the system neon patch and had to back it out (patch -R -b) when the compile of NeonSession.cxx failed.
The make continued fine from there.
Oddly, xpdf doesn't seem to like WindowMaker, or vise versa.
When started, there is no application icon,
nor is there an "Application Specific" Attributes tab on the window. Makes it hard
to dock. But open a help or find dialog box, and there's an icon you can dock.
This comes last because I simply forgot it the first time around.
That's all the packages, except ISOLinux, which we'll do below.
I downloaded the compressdoc script, compressed the man and info pages, and built the index.
Next I created a staging partition for the ISO image:
After reboot, I recreated the modified filesystem structure on the staging partition:
I also removed all of the mandb index stuff except the main (English) file.
That's not to say it's perfect. As I continue to test, I'll fix the odd problem, and this page will change to reflect that.
Who knows, maybe I'll get the gimp help browser working.
©2015, Kenneth R. Koehler. All Rights Reserved.
I installed several BLFS packages for convenience before I get Xorg and a browser installed. Most of these are
perl modules dependencies for the wget test.
export LFS=/mnt/lfs
mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts -o gid=5,mode=620
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
link=$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
mkdir -p $LFS/$link
mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/$link
unset link
else
mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/dev/shm
fi
chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root \
TERM="$TERM" \
PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
/bin/bash --login
echo "PermitRootLogin no" >> etc/ssh/sshd_config
but I need to ssh as root to my students in the lab, so I didn't do it here.
The following installs the LFS boot scripts:
rm -rf ../tools
tar -cf LFS-7.4.chapter.6.out.tar *.out.gz
rm *.out.gz
chmod 444 LFS-7.4.chapter.6.out.tar
mv LFS-7.4.chapter.5.out.tar ..
mv LFS-7.4.chapter.5.tools.tgz ..
mv LFS-7.4.chapter.6.out.tar ..
mv getmd5 ..
mv grub-2.00.tar.xz ..
mv lfs-bootscripts-20130821.tar.bz2 ..
mv linux-3.10.10.tar.xz ..
mv md5sums ..
mv wget-list ..
tar -cf ../LFS-7.4.sources.tar *
chmod 444 ../LFS-7.4.sources.tar
rm *
for f in `find ../ -maxdepth 1 -type f`; do mv $f . ; done
tar -xjf lfs-bootscripts-20130821.tar.bz2
cd lfs-bootscripts-20130821
(make install 2>&1 | tee -a ../lfs-bootscripts-20130821.out && exit $PIPESTATUS)
cd ..
gzip lfs-bootscripts-20130821.out
rm -rf lfs-bootscripts-20130821
I wrote the following boot script to handle the mounting of /var. We want to be able to run any given session
from RAM disk, a hard drive partition or a flash drive. Once it is installed on a hard drive partition,
modify BOTH fstabs to reflect that and the script will automatically mount /var on that partition.
cat > krk.lfs-7.4.mountfs.patch << "EOF"
--- mountfs.lfs 2014-01-21 14:17:04.000000000 -0500
+++ mountfs 2014-01-23 14:46:39.000000000 -0500
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@
case "${1}" in
start)
- log_info_msg "Remounting root file system in read-write mode..."
- mount -o remount,rw / >/dev/null
- evaluate_retval
+# log_info_msg "Remounting root file system in read-write mode..."
+# mount -o remount,rw / >/dev/null
+# evaluate_retval
# Remove fsck-related file system watermarks.
rm -f /fastboot /forcefsck
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
evaluate_retval
# Make sure / is mounted read only (umount bug)
- mount -o remount,ro /
+# mount -o remount,ro /
# Make all LVM volume groups unavailable, if appropriate
# This fails if swap or / are on an LVM partition
EOF
patch -ubz .lfs /etc/rc.d/init.d/mountfs krk.lfs-7.4.mountfs.patch
I wrote this boot script to allow at-boot configuration of networking. If any of the four files
/etc/sysconfig/network, /etc/hosts, /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.* do not exist, it allows reconfiguration
of any or all (by answering "no" to the last question) of them.
cat > /etc/rc.d/init.d/mountvar << "EOF"
#!/bin/sh
#/etc/rc.d/init.d/mountvar
NORMAL="\\033[0;39m"
QUERY="\\033[1;36m"
ERROR="\e[1;31m"
while ! mountpoint /var >/dev/null; do
if ! grep /etc/fstab -e '^#/dev/var?' >/dev/null; then
vardev=$(grep /etc/fstab -e /var | cut -f1 -d' ')
fsck -a -C -T $vardev
if [ $? -lt 2 ]; then
mount /var
fi
else
echo -en $QUERY
read -p 'Enter device file for /var (ie., sdb2, or RAM to use a ram disc): ' vardev
echo -en $NORMAL
if [ "$vardev" = "RAM" ]; then
mke2fs /dev/ram0 >/dev/null
vardev=ram0
fi
if [ ! -b /dev/$vardev ]; then
echo -e $ERROR /dev/$vardev is not a valid block device file $NORMAL
else
mount -t ext2 /dev/$vardev /mnt >/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo -e $ERROR /dev/$vardev does not seem to contain a valid ext2 file system $NORMAL
else
if [ -e /mnt/etc/fstab ]; then
umount /mnt
fsck -a -C -T /dev/$vardev
if [ $? -lt 2 ]; then
mount -t ext2 /dev/$vardev /var
fi
else
cp -a /var/* /mnt/
sed -i -e "s%^#/dev/var?%/dev/$vardev%" /mnt/etc/fstab
if grep /mnt/etc/fstab -e '^/dev/root' >/dev/null; then
rootdev=$(cat /proc/cmdline | tr ' ' '\n' | grep -e '^root=' | sed -e 's/root=//')
sed -i -e "s%^/dev/root%$rootdev%" /mnt/etc/fstab
fi
umount /mnt
mount -t ext2 /dev/$vardev /var
rm -f /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
fi
fi
fi
fi
done
EOF
chmod 754 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mountvar
ln -sf /etc/rc.d/init.d/mountvar /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S01mountvar
I wrote this boot script because udev will rename eth0 for us, but in general we won't know what the
name will be until it does it.
cat > /etc/rc.d/init.d/netconfigure << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
#/etc/rc.d/init.d/netconfigure
NORMAL="\\033[0;39m"
QUERY="\\033[1;36m"
ok=no
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network -a -f /etc/hosts -a -n "$(ls /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.* 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
ok=yes
fi
while [ "$ok" != "yes" ]; do
if [ ! -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then
echo -en $QUERY
read -p 'Enter hostname (ie., ken.local): ' hn
echo -en $NORMAL
h=$(echo $hn | sed -e 's/\..*$//')
echo "HOSTNAME=$h" > /etc/sysconfig/network
echo -en $QUERY
read -p 'Enter IP address, DHCP or none: ' ip
echo -en $NORMAL
else
h=$(grep /etc/sysconfig/network -e 'HOSTNAME=' | sed -e 's/HOSTNAME=//')
hn=$(echo "$h" ".local" | sed -e 's/ //g')
fi
if [ ! -f /etc/hosts ]; then
if [ "$ip" = DHCP -o "$ip" = none ]; then
echo "127.0.0.1 $hn $h localhost" > /etc/hosts
else
echo "127.0.0.1 localhost" > /etc/hosts
echo "$ip $hn $h" >> /etc/hosts
fi
else
if [ "$ip" != DHCP -a "$ip" != none ]; then
ip=$(grep /etc/hosts -e '[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]' |
grep -ve '127\.0\.0\.1' |
tr -s ' ' |
cut -f1 -d' ')
fi
fi
if [ ! -f /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0 -a "$ip" != none ]; then
echo "ONBOOT=yes" > /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0
echo "IFACE=eth0" >> /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0
if [ "$ip" = DHCP ]; then
echo "SERVICE=dhclient" >> /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0
else
echo "SERVICE=ipv4-static" >> /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0
echo "IP=$ip" >> /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0
echo -en $QUERY
read -p 'Enter IP address of gateway: ' gw
echo -en $NORMAL
echo "GATEWAY=$gw" >> /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0
echo -en $QUERY
read -p 'Enter number of bits in the network portion of your IP address: ' nm
echo -en $NORMAL
echo "PREFIX=$nm" >> /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0
echo -en $QUERY
read -p 'Enter broadcast address: ' bc
echo -en $NORMAL
echo "BROADCAST=$bc" >> /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0
fi
fi
if [ ! -f /etc/resolv.conf -a "$ip" != none -a "$ip" != DHCP ]; then
echo -en $QUERY
read -p 'Enter IP address of DNS server: ' dns
echo -en $NORMAL
echo "nameserver $dns" > /etc/resolv.conf
fi
echo '***** This is your current network configuration: *****'
echo ' /etc/hosts: '
cat /etc/hosts
echo ' /etc/sysconfig/network: ' $(cat /etc/sysconfig/network)
echo ' /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0: '
cat /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0
if [ "$ip" != none -a "$ip" != DHCP ]; then
echo ' /etc/resolv.conf: ' $(cat /etc/resolv.conf)
fi
echo -en $QUERY
read -p 'Enter yes if you are happy with this: ' ok
echo -en $NORMAL
ok=$(echo $ok | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z')
if [ "$ok" != yes ]; then
rm /etc/hosts
rm /etc/sysconfig/network
rm /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0
rm /etc/resolv.conf
fi
done
EOF
chmod 754 /etc/rc.d/init.d/netconfigure
ln -sf /etc/rc.d/init.d/netconfigure /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S06netconfigure
# this is necessary for netconfigure to run the first time
rm /etc/hosts
Here I install the boot scripts for the BLFS daemons I have already installed.
cat > /etc/rc.d/init.d/renameth0 << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
#/etc/rc.d/init.d/renameth0
newname=$(ls -1 /sys/class/net | grep -e en | head -n1)
if [ "$newname" != "eth0" ]; then
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0 ]; then
cp /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0 /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.$newname
mv /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0 /etc/sysconfig/former.ifconfig.eth0
sed -i -e "s/eth0/$newname/" /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.$newname
fi
fi
EOF
chmod 754 /etc/rc.d/init.d/renameth0
ln -sf /etc/rc.d/init.d/renameth0 /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S60renameth0
This is our inittab; we will change the default runlevel to 4 once we get to Samba in the System Administration class.
tar -xjf blfs-bootscripts-20130908.tar.bz2
cd blfs-bootscripts-20130908
make install-gpm
make install-random
make install-sshd
cd ..
We assume the hardware clock will be the same as the system clock; this is necessary for machines which also run windows.
cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inittab
id:3:initdefault:
si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S
l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600
3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600
4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600
5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600
6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600
# End /etc/inittab
EOF
I want the students to see the fsck progress during boot.
cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock
UTC=0
# Set this to any options you might need to give to hwclock,
# such as machine hardware clock type for Alphas.
CLOCKPARAMS=
# End /etc/sysconfig/clock
EOF
I changed the default LFS inputrc file to get an audible bell.
sed -i -e 's/#VERBOSE_FSCK=no/VERBOSE_FSCK=yes/' /etc/sysconfig/rc.site
Note that /var options are set to noauto; it will be taken care of by mountvar. The commented
lines will be modified by the students during installation.
cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inputrc
# Modified by Chris Lynn
This message will preceed the login prompt:
cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/fstab
# file system mount-point type options dump fsck
# order
/dev/root / ext2 ro 1 1
#/dev/var? /var ext2 noauto 0 0
#/dev/???? swap swap pri=1 0 0
proc /proc proc nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
tmpfs /run tmpfs defaults 0 0
devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs mode=0755,nosuid 0 0
#/dev/sr0 /media/cdrom iso9660 noauto,user,ro 0 0
#/dev/usb? /media/usbstg auto noauto,user 0 0
# End /etc/fstab
EOF
I created the bash startup files (from the BLFS book) but "cleaned" them up a little. The profile file in the book
still allowed root history to be saved until I set HISTFILESIZE to 0 for root.
echo 'Linux From Scratch 7.4 on \n using kernel \r' > /etc/issue
LFS specifies kernel 3.10.10, but I installed 3.13 (the latest stable kernel at this point).
cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/profile
export LANG=en_US.ISO-8859-1
if [ $EUID -eq 0 ] ; then
unset HISTFILE
export HISTFILESIZE=0
fi
export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/opt/bin
export HISTSIZE=1000
export HISTIGNORE="&:[bf]g:exit"
# Setup a red prompt for root and a green one for users.
NORMAL="\[\e[0m\]"
RED="\[\e[1;31m\]"
GREEN="\[\e[1;32m\]"
if [[ $EUID == 0 ]] ; then
PS1="$RED\u [ $NORMAL\w$RED ]# $NORMAL"
else
PS1="$GREEN\u [ $NORMAL\w$GREEN ]\$ $NORMAL"
fi
for script in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -r $script ] ; then
. $script
fi
done
# End /etc/profile
EOF
install --directory --mode=0755 --owner=root --group=root /etc/profile.d
cat > /etc/profile.d/dircolors.sh << "EOF"
# Setup for /bin/ls to support color, the alias is in /etc/bashrc.
if [ -f "/etc/dircolors" ] ; then
eval $(dircolors -b /etc/dircolors)
if [ -f "$HOME/.dircolors" ] ; then
eval $(dircolors -b $HOME/.dircolors)
fi
fi
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
EOF
cat > /etc/profile.d/extrapaths.sh << "EOF"
if [ -d /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig ] ; then
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
fi
if [ -d ~/bin ]; then
PATH=~/bin:$PATH
fi
export PATH
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/lib/pkgconfig
EOF
cat > /etc/profile.d/readline.sh << "EOF"
# Setup the INPUTRC environment variable.
if [ -z "$INPUTRC" -a ! -f "$HOME/.inputrc" ] ; then
INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
fi
export INPUTRC
EOF
cat > /etc/profile.d/umask.sh << "EOF"
# By default, the umask should be set.
if [ "$(id -gn)" = "$(id -un)" -a $EUID -gt 99 ] ; then
umask 007
else
umask 022
fi
EOF
cat > /etc/bashrc << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/bashrc
# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
# by James Robertson
The menuconfig process is interactive, so I could not save the output. This list details how I configured the kernel.
In general, I omitted all VMWare-related software (have a long-standing bad taste for virtual machines ever since
learning about VM/370). All config options not specified here were defaulted EXCEPT EXPERIMENTAL options. In
general, I built just about all possible device support as modules, in the hope that this distro will be more
usable for my students at home.
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.13.tar.xz
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.13.tar.sign
unxz linux-3.13.tar.xz
# NB: next two commands must be run under host system as we do not have gpg yet!
gpg --recv-keys 6092693E
gpg --verify linux-3.13.tar.sign
tar -xf linux-3.13.tar
cd linux-3.13
(make mrproper 2>&1 | tee -a ../linux-3.13.out && exit $PIPESTATUS)
make defconfig
cp .config ../linux-3.13.default.config
make LANG=$LANG LC_ALL= menuconfig
Some interested new features: the kernel now randomizes heap placement to foil heap exploits. Also, by
enabling -fstack-protector, the kernel will detect buffer overflow exploits using a stack canary in each function call.
Note that after qt is installed, it's more convenient to "make xconfig" instead of "make menuconfig".
cp .config ../linux-3.13.lfs.config
(make 2>&1 | tee -a ../linux-3.13.out && exit $PIPESTATUS)
(make modules_install 2>&1 | tee -a ../linux-3.13.out && exit $PIPESTATUS)
cp -v arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-3.13
cp -v System.map /boot/System.map-3.13
cp -v .config /boot/config-3.13
install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-3.13
cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-3.13
cd ..
chown -R 0:0 linux-3.13
install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d
cat > /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf
install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true
install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true
# End /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf
EOF
gzip linux-3.13.out
If using on a RAID system, remove the raid=noautodetect option.
After booting to the new system, I added a swap partition and rebooted so the kernel would see the new partition table:
grub-install /dev/hdb
# NB: set root=(hd0,1) is hd RELATIVE TO WHERE GRUB IS INSTALLED IN MBR
cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"
# Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg
set default=0
set timeout=5
insmod ext2
set root=(hd0,1)
menuentry "lfs-7.4: vmlinuz-3.13" {
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13 root=/dev/sdb1 ro raid=noautodetect
}
EOF
fdisk /dev/sdb
n
p
3
<default>
+2G
t
3
82
w
By this time, a new kernel was out, and I figured the best way to check out the new system was to build it:
mkswap /dev/sdb3
sed -i -e 's%#/dev/????%/dev/sdb3%' /etc/fstab
sed -i -e 's%#/dev/sr0%/dev/sr0%' /etc/fstab
sed -i -e 's%#/dev/usb?%/dev/sdc1%' /etc/fstab
sed -i -e 's%#/dev/var?%/dev/sdb2%' /mnt/lfs/etc/fstab
I rebooted and have been running on 3.13.3 ever since.
cd /sources
mount -wo remount /
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.13.3.tar.xz
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.13.3.tar.sign
unxz linux-3.13.3.tar.xz
# NB: next two commands had to be run under the host system as I did not have gpg yet!
gpg --recv-keys 6092693E
gpg --verify linux-3.13.3.tar.sign
tar -xf linux-3.13.3.tar
cd linux-3.13.3
(make mrproper 2>&1 | tee -a ../linux-3.13.3.out && exit $PIPESTATUS)
make defconfig
cp .config ../linux-3.13.3.default.config
cp ../linux-3.13.lfs.config .config
make LANG=$LANG LC_ALL= menuconfig
cp .config ../linux-3.13.3.lfs.config
(make 2>&1 | tee -a ../linux-3.13.3.out && exit $PIPESTATUS)
(make modules_install 2>&1 | tee -a ../linux-3.13.3.out && exit $PIPESTATUS)
cp -v arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.3
cp -v System.map /boot/System.map-3.13.3
cp -v .config /boot/config-3.13.3
cd ..
gzip linux-3.13.3.out
# add the following lines to grub.cfg
menuentry "lfs-7.4: vmlinuz-3.13.3" {
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.3 root=/dev/sdb1 ro raid=noautodetect
}
mount -ro remount /
Lesson Number 2
Previous editions of this distro included a file manager called Endeavour Mark II. It was very capable, and I fully expected
to include it in this version. But building it turned into a nightmare. It has not been updated since October 2012, which
at first sight doesn't seem so bad. But it is not compatible with a large number of the libraries I was using, and
in the process of trying to get it to compile, I had to install old versions of glib, gtk, imlib, libungif, libpng and libmng.
In addition, I had to modify a number of includes and fix a couple of syntax errors. After finally getting it to make cleanly,
I sat back and realized that this is going to be a tremendous pain in the tuckus forever after. The lesson is to not
use software that is not being actively maintained. I left the old libraries intact in case they might be useful in the future;
no use burning too many bridges. As it turns out, that may have been a mistake; some packages get very confused when
there are two versions of libpng lying around.
As a general rule, I decided not to install additional documentation until I need it.
Package requires: strace memtest86 apr attr ntfs-3g libcap2 attr libevent openssl nettle openssl ntp libcap2, openssl cdparanoia cpio dhcp dosfstools libpng freetype which, libpng libdvdread elfutils exiv2 expat faac faad2 giflib gperf hdparm hicoloricontheme ijs iptables jsonc liba52 libatomic_ops libburn libdvdcss libdvdnav libdvdread libexif libffi libisofs nasm libjpegturbo nasm libmad libnl libogg libvorbis libogg pixman libpng, #gtk+2- circular through pango libtasn1 libusb libpcap libnl, libusb lua lzo mathmlfonts mp3info mtdev flac libogg, nasm netcat nettools nspr pciutils ddclient perl, perlmodules intltool perlmodules cacerts openssl, wget curl cacerts, openssl gnutls nettle, cacerts, libtasn1 babl pkgconfig libtirpc pkgconfig usbutils libusb, pkgconfig popt tcl openjdk glib to build certs db tcl, openjdk traceroute unixodbc unrar unzip mp3gain unzip sqlite unzip aprutil apr, db, expat, sqlite, unixodbc, openssl apache aprutil, db, pcre, lua, openssl nss nspr, sqlite aspell which lm_sensors which wirelesstools xfsprogs zip libid3tag zlib python2 openssl, sqlite, expat, libffi, pkgconfig, db, #tk-needs xorglibs yasm python2 libvpx yasm, which xvid yasm gdb python2 alsalib python2 alsaoss alsalib libsndfile alsalib, flac, libogg, libvorbis, sqlite lame libsndfile, nasm libsamplerate libsndfile alsautils alsalib, libsamplerate scons python2 serf aprutil, openssl, scons libxml2 python2 dvdauthor libpng, freetype, libdvdread, libxml2 libxslt libxml2, python2 bind libcap2, libxml2, openssl, perlmodules, nettools, libxslt fontconfig freetype, expat, libxml2 xorg-pt1 wget, pkgconfig, python2, libxml2, libxslt, fontconfig; includes BLFS sections up to and including libxcb xorglibs xorg-pt1, fontconfig; includes BLFS xcb sections libdrm xorglibs libvdpau xorglibs llvm libxml2, zip, libffi, python2 icu llvm boost icu, python2 mesalib expat, libdrm, libxml2, elfutils, llvm, libvdpau freeglut mesalib libtiff libjpegturbo, xorglibs, freeglut lcms libjpegturbo, libtiff libmng libjpegturbo, lcms xorg-pt2 xorg-pt1, libpng, mesalib, intltool, openssl, pixman, mtdev; includes rest of BLFS x chapter after Mesalib windowmaker xorg-pt2, freetype, fontconfig, libpng, zlib, libtiff, libjpeg, giflib xcalc xorg-pt2 xman xorg-pt2 emacs xorg-pt2, libjpegturbo, libpng, libtiff, aspell xosview xorg-pt2 motif xorg-pt2 ddd motif, gdb dbus expat, libxml2, python2, xorglibs, #dbus-glib- circular glib libffi, pkgconfig, python2, pcre, dbus, attr libgusb glib, libusb dbusglib dbus, expat, glib atk glib libcroco glib, libxml2 qt4 alsalib, mesalib, cacerts, dbus, glib, icu, libjpegturbo, libmng, libpng, libtiff, openssl, sqlite wpa_supplicant dbus, libxml2, qt4, pciutils, libnl, openssl cairo libpng, glib, pixman, libdrm, lzo, mesalib, fontconfig, xorglibs, qt4 harfbuzz glib, icu, freetype, cairo pango cairo, harfbuzz, xorglibs gdkpixbuf glib, libjpegturbo, libpng, libtiff, xorglibs gtk+2 atk, gdkpixbuf, pango, hicoloricontheme libglade libxml2, gtk+2, python2 xscreensaver bc, libglade, xorg-pt2 gstreamer glib, libxml2 gstpluginsbase gstreamer, pango, cdparanoia, alsalib, libogg, libvorbis, xorglibs seamonkey alsalib, gtk+2, zip, unzip, dbusglib, sqlite, libevent, nspr, nss, wirelesstools, wget, yasm, libvpx, gstreamer atspi2core dbus, glib, intltool, xorg-pt2 atspi2atk atspi2core, atk colord dbus, libgusb, lcms, sqlite cups openssl, python2, colord, dbus, libusb gtk+3 atspi2atk, gdkpixbuf, pango, colord, cups wxgtk gtk+3, bison, flex, xorg-pt2 alsatools alsalib, gtk+2, gtk+3 librsvg gdkpixbuf, libcroco, pango, gtk+2, gtk+3 imlib freetype openjpeg lcms, libpng, libtiff, pkgconfig poppler fontconfig, curl, gtk+2, lcms, libtiff, libxml2, openjpeg, qt4, cairo, libjpegturbo, libpng qpdf pcre, libxslt cupsfilters cups, ijs, lcms, poppler, qpdf, libjpegturbo, libpng, libtiff ghostscript cairo, fontconfig, gtk+2, cups, lcms, xorg-pt2, expat, freetype, libjpegturbo, libpng, libtiff samba libtirpc, cups, xfsprogs, python2, libxslt, libcap2, popt pulseaudio intltool, jsonc, libsndfile, pkgconfig, libsamplerate, glib, gtk+2, alsalib, dbus, libcap2, openssl, xorg-pt2 libao xorg-pt2, alsalib, pulseaudio, libatomic_ops sdl alsalib, pulseaudio, nasm, libusb, xorg-pt2 libdv popt, pkgconfig, sdl, xorg-pt2 libmpeg2 xorg-pt2, sdl libgpgerror libgcrypt libgpgerror wireshark glib, libpcap, pkgconfig, gtk+3, openssl, python2, pcre, gnutls, lua, libgcrypt - not advertised! ffmpeg fontconfig, faac, freetype, lame, openjpeg, pulseaudio, libvorbis, libvpx, xvid, openssl, sdl, xorg-pt2, yasm, gnutls alsaplugins alsalib, ffmpeg, libsamplerate, pulseaudio libarchive cmake libarchive audacity wxgtk, cmake, libid3tag, ffmpeg, libmad, libsndfile gstpluginsgood gstpluginsbase, libdv, pulseaudio, gtk+3, cairo, flac, libjpegturbo, libpng, xorglibs gstffmpeg gstpluginsbase, yasm libquicktime alsalib, faac, faad2, ffmpeg, gtk+2, lame, libdv, libjpegturbo, libpng, libvorbis, xorg-pt2 mplayer yasm, gtk+2, fontconfig, freetype, unrar, libxslt, cdparanoia, samba, libdvdread, libdvdnav, libdvdcss, alsalib, pulseaudio, sdl, giflib, libjpegturbo, libmng, libpng, openjpeg, ffmpeg, libmad, lzo, liba52, faac, xvid, libvpx, lame, libdv xulrunner alsalib, gstpluginsbase, gstffmpeg, gtk+2, zip, unzip, curl, dbusglib, wget, wirelesstools, libevent, libvpx, nspr, nss, sqlite, yasm napai-sdk icedteaweb openjdk, xulrunner, npapi-sdk mjpegtools glib, libjpegturbo, gtk+3, sdl, libquicktime, libdv sox libao, ffmpeg, flac, lame, libmad, libid3tag, libogg, libvorbis, libsndfile transcode ffmpeg, faac, freetype, liba52, libdv, libdvdread, libjpegturbo, libogg, libquicktime, libvorbis, libxml2, lzo, sdl, xvid, alsalib, lame, libmpeg2, xorg-pt2 tk tcl, xorg-pt2 libisoburn libburn, libisofs, attr, tk dvd+rwtools libisoburn ruby db, openssl, tk jasper unzip, libjpegturbo, xorg-pt2, freeglut cyrussasl openssl, sqlite, db postfix db, pcre, sqlite, cyrussasl, openssl cvs openssh, postfix, ghostscript, nano fcron postfix, nano gnupg curl, postfix python3 db, openssl, sqlite, tk, expat, libffi, pkgconfig dbuspython dbusglib, python2 py2cairo python2, cairo pygobject glib, py2cairo pygtk python2, dbusglib, cairo, pygobject, py2cairo, atk, pango, gtk+2, libglade gsettings-desktop-schemas glib, intltool glibnetworking gnutls, cacerts, gsettings-desktop-schemas libsoup glibnetworking, libxml2, sqlite, curl, apache, samba enchant glib, dbusglib, aspell gconf dbusglib, intltool, libxml2, gtk+3 geoclue dbusglib, gconf, libxslt, gtk+2 gegl babl, cairo, exiv2, ffmpeg, gdkpixbuf, libjpegturbo, libpng, librsvg, lua, pango, python2, ruby, sdl webkitgtk gperf, gstpluginsbase, gtk+2, icu, libsoup, mesalib, ruby, sqlite, which, curl, enchant, geoclue gimp gegl, gtk+2, intltool, alsalib, curl, dbusglib, ghostscript, jasper, lcms, libexif, libmng, librsvg, poppler, postfix, webkitgtk, pygtk gtkimageview gtk ufraw lcms, glib, gtk+3, exiv2, libjpeg, libtiff, zlib, gtkimageview geeqie gtk gutenprint ijs, cups, gimp subversion aprutil, sqlite, apache, cyrussasl, dbus, python2, openjdk, ruby, openssl, serf git pcre, subversion, tk, curl, expat, openssl, python2 nmap openssl, pygtk, python2, subversion, libpcap, lua, pcre libreoffice gperf, gtk+2, perlmodules, unzip, wget, which, zip, gtk+3, boost, cups, curl, dbus, expat, gstpluginsbase, icu, lcms, librsvg, libxml2, libxslt, mesalib, nss, openssl, poppler, python3, unixodbc xpdf freetype, motif cdrtools isolinux
Note that I did not have URLs for some of the sourceforge packages; these were downloaded on my production
system and transferred to the build system (until SeaMonkey was installed).
I adopted a slightly different syntax for Xorg - BLFS wanted us to create multiple subdirectories,
which I did not do, but this code should be slightly less brittle if I missed something.
NB: apparently not all Xorg packages recognize all options in XORG_CONFIG (ie., --disable-static).
export XORG_PREFIX="/usr"
export XORG_CONFIG="--prefix=$XORG_PREFIX --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var --disable-static"
cat > /etc/profile.d/xorg.sh << "EOF"
XORG_PREFIX="/usr"
XORG_CONFIG="--prefix=$XORG_PREFIX --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var --disable-static"
export XORG_PREFIX XORG_CONFIG
EOF
chmod 644 /etc/profile.d/xorg.sh
In building WindowMaker, I had to disable gifs because I have giflib v5 and this version doesn't handle it correctly.
startx
grep /var/log/Xorg.0.log -e DRI
glxinfo
glxgears
rm -rf xorg-server-1.14.3
rm -rf Mesa-9.2.0
rm -rf glu-9.0.0
tar -czf linux-3.13.built.tgz linux-3.13
tar -czf linux-3.13.3.built.tgz linux-3.13.3
rm -rf linux-3.13
rm -rf linux-3.13.3
+0+<your vertical screen height - 32>
xclock -strftime "%a, %b %e - %l:%M %P" -g 172x32+0-0 -digital -update 1 &
# removed title bar and icon
cat > .Xdefaults << "EOF"
#ifdef COLOR
*customization: -color
#endif
emacs*Background: White
emacs*Foreground: Black
emacs*pointerColor: Blue
emacs*cursorColor: Blue
emacs*bitmapIcon: on
emacs*font: fixed
emacs.geometry: 80x25
Seyon.modems: /dev/modem
xterm*background: White
xterm*foreground: Black
xterm*cursorColor: Blue
xterm*pointerColor: Blue
xterm*reverseVideo: false
xterm*jumpScroll: true
xterm*savelines: 5000
xterm*scrollBar: true
xterm*reverseWrap: true
xterm*font: fixed
xterm*fullCursor: true
xterm*scrollTtyOutput: off
xterm*scrollKey: on
xterm*VT100.Translations: #override\n\
Lesson Number 3
We elected to install Xorg in /usr instead of /usr/X11 or /usr/X11Rn, but there are still packages which expect
X to be there; xosview was one. For those packages, we added
--x-includes=/usr/include --x-libraries=/usr/lib
to the ./configure parameters so the build would find Xorg. We also found a patch we needed to use, and fixed
the location of the APPLOADDIR. Finally, we had to set CFLAGS='-fpermissive' to get lmstemp to compile.
/opt/jdk/bin/mkcacerts -d "/etc/ssl/certs/" -k "/opt/jdk/bin/keytool" -s "/usr/bin/openssl" -o "/opt/jdk/jre/lib/security/cacerts"
# NB: sed error on ca-certificates.crt - did
cd /opt/jdk
bin/keytool -list -keystore jre/lib/security/cacerts
# and it looks OK....
cat > /usr/bin/lock << "EOF"
#!/bin/sh
#/usr/bin/lock
sync
xscreensaver-command -lock
EOF
chmod 744 /usr/bin/lock
Lesson Number 4
Here begins another tale. BLFS 7.4 includes SeaMonkey 2.20. After installation, I got the message
GLib-CRITICAL **: g_slice_set_config: assertion `sys_page_size == 0' failed
followed by a seg fault in Xorg at location 0xc. I focused on the first error, while I should have focused on the seg fault.
I decided to try SeaMonkey 2.24 from BLFS 7.5, which required
However, SeaMonkey runs like a dog. It turns out to run much better on the vesa driver; I also set my resolution
at the same time, and made a copy for the DVD image. And I thought it might be good to provide a skeleton
Xorg configuration for a dual-head system:
cat > /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/videocard-0.conf << "EOF"
Section "Device"
Identifier "Videocard0"
Driver "mach64"
Option "ExaNoComposite" "true"
EndSection
EOF
I also made the following changes in SeaMonkey's preferences:
rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/videocard-0.conf
cat > /etc/X11/xorg.conf << "EOF"
Section "Device"
Identifier "Card0"
Driver "vesa"
EndSection
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
SubSection "Display"
Depth 24
Virtual 1024 768
Modes "1024x768"
EndSubSection
EndSection
EOF
cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /mnt/root/xorg.conf.vesa.fallback
cat > /mnt/root/xorg.conf.dual.head << "EOF"
Section "Device"
Identifier "Card0"
Option "Monitor-DVI-0" "Monitor0"
Option "Monitor-DVI-1" "Monitor1"
EndSection
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "Dual Head Layout"
Screen "Screen0"
EndSection
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor0"
Option "DPMS" "true"
EndSection
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor1"
Option "Right Of" "Monitor0"
Option "DPMS" "true"
EndSection
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
SubSection "Display"
Depth 24
Virtual 2560 1024
EndSubSection
EndSection
EOF
The builds continue. Note that openjpeg seems to have linked against libpng12, but see below.
cat > /usr/bin/lstree << "EOF"
#!/bin/sh
#/usr/bin/lstree
if [ "$1" = "-a" ]; then
shift
hidden=yes
elif [ "$2" = "-a" ]; then
hidden=yes
fi
if [ $# = 0 ]; then
dir=$(pwd)
else
dir=$1
fi
(for f in `find $dir -xdev -ls | sed -e 's/^ *//' | tr -s ' ' | cut -d' ' -f11 | grep -ve '^\.$' | sed -e 's%^\./%%' | sort`; do
if [ -e $f ] ; then
if [ -n "$(echo $f | grep -ve '^\.\|/\.' 2>/dev/null)" -o "$hidden" = yes ]; then
if [ -d $f ]; then
echo $(ls --color -d -l $f | tr -s ' ' | cut -f9- -d' ')
else
prefix=''
n=$f
i=$(expr index "$n" '/')
while [ $i -gt 0 ]; do
prefix=$prefix'\t'
n=$(expr substr "$n" $[$i+1] $(expr length "$n"))
i=$(expr index "$n" '/')
done
echo -e $prefix $(ls --color -d -l $f | tr -s ' ' | cut -f9- -d' ')
fi
fi
fi
done) | less -R
EOF
chmod 744 /usr/bin/lstree
Audacity could not read its default theme.
Then the program starts, but all of the controls are blacked out. I reported the
problem,
but got no help. There were numerous references to "dark themes" and "light themes",
but since I am not running in a desktop environment, they were of little use. I have built it a number of times,
trying experimental theming, and I attempted to load the icons from an ImageCache.png file with several
different files, but each time got the error
Please report the problem.
Audacity could not load file:
followed by the other error. Audacity linked against libpng16, and I thought that might have been the problem for
a while, but the more I play with it, the more I think it just doesn't like to work outside of a desktop. My next effort
was to undef XPMS_RETIRED and build using the old xpm icons (but there were issues with CleanSpeech and
LinkTracks). I lost all of the errors, but the controls were still blacked out.
/root/.audacity-data/Theme/ImageCache.png
Bad png format perhaps?
Even though I have libpng 10609, it complained about needing 10606 or better, so I disabled png.
/etc/rc.d/init.d/swap stop
fdisk -l /dev/sdb
d
3
n
p
3
<default>
+8G
w
<reboot>
/etc/rc.d/init.d/swap stop
mkswap -c /dev/sdb3
/etc/rc.d/init.d/swap start
Lesson Number 5
If you looked carefully at the dependency table, you saw a note in the Python requirements
about Python2 requiring Tk, but Tk requires the Xorg libraries, and Python2 is required to build Xorg. Such
circular dependencies are uncommon but not rare. Since BLFS listed Tk as optional for Python2, but
the Xorg libraries as required for Tk, I built them shown above. It wasn't until I tried to install
SnapPy (a math package I use in my research, but which
really didn't belong in the distro) that I discovered that Tkinter (the Python Tk interface) was only a stub,
because when I built Python2, Tk hadn't been built yet. As a consequence, after Tk is installed,
it is necessary to rebuild Python2.
find /usr/ -xdev -type f -newer timestamp > python.install.manifest
tar -czf python.install.tgz -T python.install.manifest
cd /mnt
tar -xzf /root/python.install.tgz
mkdir pngsave
mv /usr/local/bin/libpng* pngsave/
mv /usr/local/include/png* pngsave/
mv /usr/local/include/libpng12 pngsave/
mv /usr/local/lib/libpng* pngsave/
mv /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/libpng* pngsave
ldconfig
Lesson Number 6
Don't install multiple versions again! poppler seems to have linked fine against libpng16,
but the gimp link won't proceed because libpoppler needs libpng12.
for f in `find /usr/lib -type f`; do if (nm -g $f 2>/dev/null | grep -e PNG12 > /dev/null 2>&1) ; then echo $f ; fi ; done
mkdir pngsave/bin
mv pngsave/libpng*config pngsave/bin
mkdir pngsave/include
mv pngsave/libpng12 pngsave/include/
mv pngsave/png* pngsave/include/
mkdir -p pngsave/lib/pkgconfig
mv pngsave/*.pc pngsave/lib/pkgconfig/
mv pngsave/* /usr/local/lib
mv pngsave /usr/local/
ldconfig
I also rebuilt the WindowMaker menu, and changed hard coded /root/ to ~/ in two of its files.
cd /usr/sbin
wget http://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/files/BLFS/svn/compressdoc
chmod -v 755 /usr/sbin/compressdoc
cd
compressdoc --bz2
mandb
wmgenmenu > $HOME/GNUstep/Defaults/WMRootMenu
sed -i GNUstep/Defaults/WindowMaker -e 's%/root/%~/%'
sed -i GNUstep/Defaults/WMWindowAttributes -e 's%/root/%~/%'
fdisk /dev/sdb
n
e
<default>
<default>
n
<default>
+10G
w
and then set about populating the staging filesystem (making sure not to carry over files used for testing):
mke2fs -c -c /dev/sdb5
mount -t ext2 /dev/sdb5 /mnt
cd /mnt
install -d var/{etc,home,root,srv,tmp}
ln -s var/etc etc
ln -s var/home home
ln -s var/root root
ln -s var/srv srv
ln -s var/tmp tmp
chmod 0750 var/root
chmod 1777 var/tmp
mkdir -pv {dev,home,mnt,proc,run,sys}
mkdir -pv media/{floppy,cdrom,usbstg}
mkdir -pv var/{log/{cups,httpd,samba/cores/{nmbd,smbd}},mail,spool}
cd var
ln -sv ../run run
ln -sv ../run/lock lock
cd /mnt
mkdir -pv var/{cache,db,games/emacs,lib/{misc,locate},local,opt}
mknod -m 600 dev/console c 5 1
mknod -m 666 dev/null c 1 3
I had to put the original fstab in place, and touch fastboot so that e2fsck will not try to fsck the DVD:
cp -a /bin .
cp -a /boot .
cp -a /etc/* var/etc/
cp -a /include .
cp -a /lib .
cp -a /sbin .
cp -a /srv/* var/srv/
cp -a /usr .
cd /var/cache
for d in `find . -type d`; do mkdir -pv /mnt/var/cache/$d ; done
cd /mnt
chgrp lp var/cache/cups -R
cp -a /var/lib var/
rm var/lib/alsa/asound.state.lock
rm var/lib/postfix/master.lock
cd /var/log
for f in `find . -type f -name '*.log'`; do touch /mnt/var/log/$f ; done
cd /mnt
cp -a /var/mail/* var/mail/
cp -a /var/spool/* var/spool/
rm var/spool/cups/{c,d}*
rm var/spool/postfix/pid/master.pid
touch var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}
chgrp -v utmp var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 664 var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 600 var/log/btmp
Hopefully this is the last 3DNOW piece (if you have an AMD, you can take it back out).
I removed the bind boot script link from /etc/rc.d/rc3.d so it will only run in runlevels 4 and 5.
We also have to remove build-system-specific configuration files, especially the networking ones so
netconfigure will run at boot time:
cat > etc/fstab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/fstab
# file system mount-point type options dump fsck
# order
/dev/root / ext2 ro 1 1
#/dev/var? /var ext2 noauto 0 0
#/dev/???? swap swap pri=1 0 0
proc /proc proc nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
tmpfs /run tmpfs defaults 0 0
devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs mode=0755,nosuid 0 0
#/dev/sr0 /media/cdrom iso9660 noauto,user,ro 0 0
#/dev/usb? /media/usbstg auto noauto,user 0 0
# End /etc/fstab
EOF
touch fastboot
Now to populate /root (additional .bashrc commands useful when su-ing):
echo 'export MESA_NO_3DNOW=1' >> etc/bashrc
rm etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S22bind
cp -P etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K49bind etc/rc.d/rc3.d/
rm etc/X11/xorg.conf
rm etc/cups/printers.*
rm etc/sysconfig/network
rm etc/hosts
rm etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.*
rm /etc/resolv.conf
and /etc/skel:
mkdir root/bin
cat > /root/.bashrc << "EOF"
# Begin /root/.bashrc
if [ -f "/etc/bashrc" ] ; then
source /etc/bashrc
fi
export PATH=/root/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/opt/bin:/opt/jdk/bin:/opt/qt/bin:/opt/schily/bin
unset HISTFILE
export HISTFILESIZE=0
umask 022
# End /root/.bashrc
EOF
cp /root/.bash* root/
cp /root/.emacs root/
cp /root/fcrontab.txt root/
cp -a /root/GNUstep root/
cp -a /root/.mozilla root/
cp -a /root/.mplayer root/
cp /root/xclock.cmd root/
cp /root/.Xdefaults root/
cp /root/.xinitrc root/
# exported bookmarks from seamonkey
cp /root/bookmarks.html root/
# copy seamonkey prefs
for f in `find /root/.mozilla/ -name prefs.js`; do cp $f root/prefs.js ; done
# and of course a copy of this page
cp /root/rwclfs.html root/
After building Fcron, I had set up a root fcrontab to update the usb and pci id files weekly.
Those files are kept in /usr/share/misc, which will be read-only when the jobs are executed. As
a result, I had to move the misc directory to /var/share:
cp -a root/* etc/skel/
rm etc/skel/fcrontab.txt
cp -a root/{.emacs,.mplayer,.Xdefaults,.xinitrc} etc/skel/
mkdir root/bin
The total space used cannot exceed 4.7 billion bytes, so I tarred a few things to save space:
mkdir var/share
mv usr/share/misc var/share/
ln -s var/share/misc usr/share/misc
Now it's time to install ISOLinux (they tell us to use the pre-built binary, and in fact the source would not
compile even though I have nasm). I also set up the configuration and message files:
tar -cJf opt.tar.xz opt/
rm -rf opt/
cd lib/modules
tar -cJf 3.13.0.tar.xz 3.13.0/
rm -rf 3.13.0/
cd /mnt/share/doc
tar -cJf db-6.0.20.tar.xz db-6.0.20/
rm -rf db-6.0.20/
cd ..
tar -cJf gtk-doc.tar.xz gtk-doc/
rm -rf gtk-doc/
cd /mnt/var/cache/man/
rm -rf *
cp /var/cache/man/index.* .
The percent sign above will be changed to 0x0C, which clears the screen and homes the cursor
(see the wiki).
The carets will be changed to 0x0F, which changes colors (02 is dark green on black, 04 is dark red on black and
07 is light grey on black).
cd /sources/
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/syslinux-6.02.tar.xz
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/syslinux-6.02.tar.sign
unxz -k syslinux-6.02.tar.xz
gpg --recv-keys 8D233D55
gpg syslinux-6.02.tar.sign
tar -xf syslinux-6.02.tar
rm syslinux-6.02.tar
mkdir /mnt/boot/isolinux
# until things are working, it might be best to use the debug version
cp syslinux-6.02/bios/core/isolinux-debug.bin /mnt/boot/isolinux/
cp syslinux-6.02/bios/core/isolinux.bin /mnt/boot/isolinux/
cp syslinux-6.02/bios/com32/elflink/ldlinux/ldlinux.c32 /mnt/boot/isolinux/
cd /sources
rm -rf syslinux-6.02
cat > /mnt/boot/isolinux/isolinux.cfg << "EOF"
default linux
prompt 1
timeout 300
display boot.msg
F1 about.msg
F2 parms.msg
label linux
kernel vmlinuz
append root=/dev/sr0 panic=20
label memtest86
kernel /boot/memtest
EOF
cat > /tmp/boot.msg << "EOF"
%
^04 Welcome to RWC/LFS^07
- Type linux and press Enter to boot Linux
- Type memtest86 to test memory
- Additional Help Available though function keys
^02[F1-About] [F2-Parameters]^07
EOF
Note that ISOLinux doesn't like extensions, and it likes everything to be in its directory:
cat /tmp/boot.msg | tr '%' '\014' | tr '^' '\017' > /mnt/boot/isolinux/boot.msg
cat > /mnt/boot/isolinux/about.msg << "EOF"
RWC/LFS is a bootable ISO-9660 image containing a modified Linux From Scratch 7.4
system. It may be run solely from the DVD-ROM, or may be installed to one or more
hard drive partitions. Minimum CPU required is a Pentium Pro (or equivalent).
The Linux kernel version is 3.13.3. Please see
kias.dyndns.org/rwclfs.html and
kias.dyndns.org/sysadmin.html
for more information. In order to fit the system on a single-layer DVD, the following directories
were tarred:
/opt -> opt.tar.xz
/lib/modules/3.13.0 -> /lib/modules/3.13.0.tar.xz
/usr/share/doc/db-6.0.20 -> /usr/share/doc/db-6.0.20.tar.xz
/usr/share/gtk-doc -> /usr/share/gtk-doc.tar.xz
All can be untarred after installation to disk using tar -xJf
Finally, we create the ISO image, and burn it to a DVD:
cp /mnt/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.3 /mnt/boot/isolinux/vmlinuz
cp /mnt/boot/memtest.bin /mnt/boot/isolinux/memtest
cd
xorrisofs -l -o rwclfs.140804.iso -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \
--sort-weight 2 boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin --sort-weight 1 boot/isolinux /mnt
growisofs -speed=1 -dvd-compat -Z /dev/sr0=rwclfs.140804.iso
It's Alive !!!!!!!